242 The Impact of Feed Formulation and Feeding Methods on Pig and Poultry Production on the Environment

Abstract Dietary energy and nutrient losses associated with its conversion into animal products increase production costs contribute to the environmental footprint of farms excessive application nitrogen, phosphorus, or trace minerals from manure carbon methane losses. Formulating diets appropriate levels amino acids can help improve dietary protein efficiency reduce For example, an 8% reduction in crude pig feeds is estimated nitrogen by more than 50%, while costing 11% less a control diet without industrial acids. This intake also increases availability due reduced deamination. Urinary intestinal fermentation be 24% lower for pigs fed low-protein compared diets. Nonetheless, determining optimal level acid remains difficult challenge conventional phase feeding systems. Therefore, group individual precision another powerful tool efficiency. By growing-finishing tailored their requirements, decrease excretion 30% greenhouse gas emissions 22% 3-phase feeding. The benefits techniques are additive might result 61% utilization. formulation very-low-protein implementation rely on sound nutritional concepts comprehensive biological models developed precisely estimate real-time requirements responses. Understanding metabolic processes responsible observed variation between animals ability utilize nutrients challenging, but there need further impact livestock